What is real and often gets loosely blended into these myths is more interesting:
Ancient Rome was connected to India through trade routes, especially via the Red Sea and the Indo-Roman trade network. Roman writers like Pliny the Elder even complained about the amount of gold flowing to India for spices, silk, and gemstones. So there were Indian goods, ideas, and possibly small communities in Rome, but nothing like a concealed Hindu temple structure under the city.
As for Shiva specifically, the worship of Shiva is ancient and widespread in the Indian subcontinent, but there is no archaeological record of Shaivite temples being built in imperial Rome. Roman religion at the time was centered on the Roman pantheon, with later additions from Egypt and the Near East, but not structured Hindu temple complexes.
Stories about “hidden temples under Rome” usually come from a mix of:
modern internet folklore
misread urban exploration videos
symbolic or spiritual reinterpretations of Roman catacombs
fictional or pseudo-historical blogs
If you want, I can break down where that specific story likely originated online, or map out what kinds of real underground structures do exist beneath Rome (which is already fascinating without adding mythology).
